注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)

ADHD药物使用

关于儿童使用药物的决策非常复杂，最好与儿童及青少年精神科医生进行咨询后再决定。
ADHD治疗中通常会推荐使用药物。
药物治疗效果显著，可以在疾病的任何阶段使用，甚至可以在心理治疗之前考虑。
当药物治疗与心理治疗结合时，可以通过帮助孩子更专注、更高效地学习来增强治疗效果。

3E Center ADHD 系列讲座

#1 了解ADHD：家长必知的诊断与评估流程
Understanding ADHD: Diagnostic and Assessment Process

#2 基于评估数据的ADHD干预策略
ADHD Intervention Strategies Based on Data

执行功能策略

执行功能是指组织和管理自身行为的能力。以下干预措施和策略可以提升多种执行功能技能。

工具和应用程序

MotivAider: 一种定期震动的装置，用来提醒用户保持专注或培养某种习惯。
Randominder: 一款帮助用户保持专注并按时完成任务的应用程序。
Time Timer: 一种视觉计时器，通过消失的红色圆盘显示时间流逝。有手表、时钟和应用程序版本。
WatchMinder: 一种腕表，可全天提供隐蔽的震动提示和提醒。
Daily Routine App: 帮助用户制定并坚持日常作息的应用程序。
30/30 App: 一款用于安排任务的任务管理应用程序。

保持注意力

提供频繁且短暂的休息（1-2分钟），可用于散步、跑腿或简单的身体锻炼（如靠墙俯卧撑、开合跳）。
教授分块技巧，将信息分组为易于管理的部分以便更好地记忆。
融入实践性学习机会，以保持学习兴趣和专注度。
经常更换任务，以避免注意力耗尽。
减少环境干扰，必要时可提供隐私板以帮助集中注意力。
使用书面清单，列出任务步骤以支持记忆。
鼓励自我觉察，通过外部提示引导专注于预期行为。

处理速度

通过计时完成任务来提高生产速度。
记录作业的开始和结束时间，并监控作业量。

监控

在每个任务中加入编辑和审查步骤，以提高识别和纠正错误的能力。
设定以准确性为主的目标，而非速度，并为准确完成的任务提供奖励。
使用自我评估技巧，增加对自身优势和弱点的认知，例如预测任务结果并与实际结果进行对比。
创建绩效或行为图表，用于视觉化跟踪表现。

启动

在任务开始时提供外部提示，例如教师的指导或同伴示范。
通过结对或小组合作的方式，鼓励任务的启动。
将任务分解为更小的、结构化的步骤，以减少压力。

抑制

提供一个有明确规则和期望的结构化环境，并定期回顾这些规则。
教授延迟反应的技巧，例如在回应前数到五。
使用“停下来思考”的方法，帮助抑制冲动行为并考虑后果。

组织与计划

使用日程规划本或清单等组织系统，管理所需材料。
每天检查清单（例如，在上学前或放学后）。
在家中备有一套额外的材料，以确保完成作业的准备。

转变/适应能力

使用视觉组织工具（如时间表、规划本）为日常活动做准备，并提醒日程变化。
以小步骤逐渐调整日常作息，以保持可预测性并减少焦虑。
在活动切换前提供两分钟的提醒。
为任务设定时间限制，并穿插不同的活动以缓解过渡压力。可以使用计时器来辅助调整。

推荐书目

1. “Taking Charge of ADHD: The Complete Authoritative Guide for Parents”

• Author: Russell A. Barkley, Ph.D.

• A comprehensive resource on understanding ADHD, managing symptoms, and improving family dynamics.

2. “The Explosive Child: A New Approach for Understanding and Parenting Easily Frustrated, Chronically Inflexible Children”

• Author: Ross W. Greene, Ph.D.

• Focuses on collaborative problem-solving for children who struggle with emotional regulation.

3. “Parenting Children with ADHD: 10 Lessons That Medicine Cannot Teach”

• Author: Vincent J. Monastra, Ph.D.

• Offers evidence-based strategies for improving behavior, routines, and academics.

4. “Smart but Scattered: The Revolutionary ‘Executive Skills’ Approach to Helping Kids Reach Their Potential”

• Authors: Peg Dawson, Ed.D., and Richard Guare, Ph.D.

• A practical guide for improving organizational and executive functioning skills.

5. “The ADHD Effect on Marriage: Understand and Rebuild Your Relationship in Six Steps”

• Author: Melissa Orlov

• For parents managing ADHD in their partner or navigating its impact on family relationships.

1. “All Dogs Have ADHD”

• Author: Kathy Hoopmann

• A beautifully illustrated book that uses dogs to explain ADHD in a relatable and positive way for children.

2. “Learning to Slow Down and Pay Attention: A Book for Kids About ADHD”

• Authors: Kathleen G. Nadeau, Ph.D., and Ellen B. Dixon, Ph.D.

• Helps kids understand their ADHD and offers practical strategies to navigate challenges.

3. “Cory Stories: A Kid’s Book About Living with ADHD”

• Author: Jeanne Kraus

• A heartfelt narrative from a child’s perspective, normalizing the experiences of living with ADHD.

4. “Marvin’s Monster Diary: ADHD Attacks! (But I Rock It, Big Time)”

• Author: Raun Melmed, M.D., and Annette Sexton

• A fun, diary-style book that teaches self-regulation through relatable stories and activities.

5. “What Does ADHD Mean? A Guide for Children and Teens”

• Author: Ellen Flanagan Burns

• A clear, age-appropriate explanation of ADHD for kids and teens.

1. “ADHD Workbook for Teens: Activities to Help You Gain Motivation and Confidence”

• Author: Lara Honos-Webb, Ph.D.

• Offers practical exercises for self-awareness, time management, and improving focus.

2. “The Survival Guide for Kids with ADHD”

• Author: John F. Taylor, Ph.D.

• A straightforward guide with tips and strategies for managing ADHD in school and at home.

3. “How to ADHD: The Teen Guide”

• Author: Jessica McCabe

• Based on the popular YouTube channel, it provides relatable advice for navigating life with ADHD.

1. “Teaching Teens with ADD, ADHD & Executive Function Deficits: A Quick Reference Guide for Teachers and Parents”

• Author: Chris A. Zeigler Dendy, M.S.

• Offers classroom strategies and practical advice for supporting students with ADHD.

2. “ADHD in the Classroom: Strategies for Teachers”

• Author: Russell A. Barkley, Ph.D.

• A deep dive into understanding ADHD and how teachers can create effective learning environments.

3. “The ADHD Book of Lists: A Practical Guide for Helping Children and Teens with Attention Deficit Disorders”

• Author: Sandra F. Rief, M.A.

• Provides quick-reference strategies for managing ADHD in educational settings.

4. “ADHD 2.0: New Science and Essential Strategies for Thriving with Distraction”

• Authors: Edward M. Hallowell, M.D., and John J. Ratey, M.D.

• Focuses on thriving with ADHD by harnessing its strengths.

5. “Driven to Distraction: Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood Through Adulthood”

• Authors: Edward M. Hallowell, M.D., and John J. Ratey, M.D.

• A classic book that redefines ADHD with a positive perspective.

6. “Delivered from Distraction: Getting the Most out of Life with Attention Deficit Disorder”

• Authors: Edward M. Hallowell, M.D., and John J. Ratey, M.D.

• A follow-up to “Driven to Distraction,” with updated strategies for living a fulfilled life.

联系方式

Sue Su

临床服务主管

sue@3ecenter.org

< English/中文

注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)

3E Center ADHD 系列讲座

#1 了解ADHD：家长必知的诊断与评估流程 Understanding ADHD: Diagnostic and Assessment Process

#2 基于评估数据的ADHD干预策略 ADHD Intervention Strategies Based on Data

执行功能策略

监控

抑制

转变/适应能力

推荐书目

联系方式

#1 了解ADHD：家长必知的诊断与评估流程
Understanding ADHD: Diagnostic and Assessment Process

#2 基于评估数据的ADHD干预策略
ADHD Intervention Strategies Based on Data